Medieval Duchess of Lancaster sapphire posy ring. Set centrally with a cabochon sapphire in a closed back cutdown setting with an approximate weight of 2.00 carats, to a ridged band with trumpeting shoulders decoratively enhanced with finely carved flowers and foliage, and with ornate blackletter ‘alas for fayte’ inscription to the interior of the bezel. Tested yellow gold, circa 1360-1400 AD,
Accompanied by an X-ray fluorescence analysis report stating the composition of the metal, an Art Loss Register certificate and further documentation relating to the provenance of the ring.
Reputedly gifted by John of Gaunt (1340-1399) to his mistress and subsequent wife, Katherine Swynford (1350-1403).
John of Gaunt was the third son of King Edward III. A member of the Order of the Garter and titled Earl of Lancaster, generous land grants meant that he was one of the richest men of his day. Originally appointed as governess to the children of John of Gaunt and his first wife, Blanche, Katherine subsequently entered in to a love affair with John. The affair lasted for many years and produced four children. The couple eventually married in Lincoln Cathedral following the death of John’s second wife in 1394, thus legitimising their offspring. The remains of Katherine and her daughter Joan were later interred there, although their tombs were damaged during the English Civil War. Illustrious descendants of the couple include George Washington, James Monroe, Alfred Lord Tenyson and HRH Elizabeth II.
The inscription ‘alas for fayte’ is otherwise unrecorded in rings of this period, and is likely to have been intended as an ironic comment on John and Katherine’s illicit love affair. The inscription forms an amusing juxtaposition with the sapphire – a stone that was associated with the preservation of chastity. The finely engraved foliate sprays, formerly enhanced with enamel, are indicative of early 15th century rings of this type. The unusually formed claw and cutdown setting is reminiscent of a turquoise-set ring from a similar period in the British Museum.
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